Kidney disease is a serious condition that can cause a variety of complications, from fatigue and digestive problems to loss of kidney function. Understanding the different types of kidney disease can help you identify warning signs and get appropriate medical care.
Types of Kidney Disease.
There are several different types of kidney disease that can affect people at any age. The two most common types are chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI). CKD occurs slowly over time, while AKI is more sudden in onset. Both conditions can lead to loss of kidney function if left untreated, which can result in a variety of serious health complications.
Other less common but equally serious types of kidney disease include glomerulonephritis, which is caused by inflammation of the kidney's filtering structures; polycystic kidney disease, which is characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cysts that can damage or destroy renal tissue; and primary renal tubular acidosis (PRTA), a disorder in which the kidneys are unable to excrete enough acid in the urine. Each of these conditions requires medical attention and treatment, so it’s important for people who may be at risk for developing any type of kidney disease to seek advice from their doctor about their individual situation.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most serious types of kidney diseases. People with CKD experience a gradual loss in the function of their kidneys, which can lead to complications such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, hydrocephalus and electrolyte imbalances. Causes of CKD include diabetes, high blood pressure, inherited disorders and conditions such as lupus and HIV/AIDS. Treatment for CKD usually involves lifestyle changes such as diet modification, exercise and medication in order to slow down the progression of the disease.
Causes of Kidney Disease.
Kidney disease can be caused by a range of factors, including genetic predisposition, certain medications and drugs, viruses or bacteria, long-term high blood pressure or diabetes, dehydration and excessive alcohol intake. There are also some autoimmune diseases that can lead to kidney damage over time. It’s important for people to be aware of the key risk factors for CKD in order to take preventative measures where possible.
Primary causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerular diseases such as IgA nephropathy and chronic obstructive diseases of the urinary tract.This group makes up around 70 percent of all CKD cases. Secondary CKD is caused by conditions that already affect other areas of the body, most commonly hypertension and diabetes, which can lead to CKD over time. Other causes of secondary CKD include autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis or scleroderma and polyarteritis nodosa. In some cases, genetic mutations can also cause renal problems from birth.
Symptoms of kidney disease can vary from person to person and depend on the underlying cause. Common symptoms include fatigue, swelling in the feet, ankles, and legs; dry skin; easy bruising or bleeding; decreased urination; dark coloring of the urine and lighter skin than normal. Pain in the back below ribs may also be present when there is significant damage to the kidneys. In some cases, people may not experience any recognizable symptoms until their kidney function is already significantly impaired.
There are several types of kidney disease, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CKD is the gradual loss of kidney filtration over time, while AKI can be caused by an abrupt loss of kidney filtration. ESRD is the final stage of CKD and occurs when a person’s kidneys are no longer able to filter waste away from the body effectively. People with ESRD require dialysis or a transplant to survive.
Symptoms of kidney disease can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease, but some common symptoms include fatigue, nausea, reduced appetite and difficulty urinating. In advanced cases of kidney disease, symptoms can include nausea and vomiting, a swollen abdomen and legs, shortness of breath and an increase in blood pressure. People with kidney disease may also experience changes in mental function, mood swings or depression. It is important to visit a doctor if you suspect you have any type of kidney disease so treatment can begin immediately.
Diagnosis & Treatment of Kidney Disease.
Diagnosis of kidney disease is done through lab tests, such as a basic metabolic or complete blood count. Kidney function tests may also be used to measure creatinine and electrolyte levels in the blood. An imaging test, such as an ultrasound or CT scan may also be ordered to look at the kidneys more closely. Treatment for kidney disease depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms and usually involves lifestyle changes, medications, and possibly dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the most common type of kidney disease, and occurs when the kidneys lose their structural and functional integrity over time. When this happens, they are less able to filter waste from the bloodstream and process electrolytes like sodium. CKD can present with a variety of symptoms, including changes in urination, fatigue, fluid retention, joint pain, fractures or bone loss. With proper diagnosis and treatment, people with CKD can have better outcomes.
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